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Improve Rhetorical Skills While Nurturing the Body and Mind
從修養(yǎng)身心方面注重文采。“文”在這里指文辭、文采。南朝劉勰《文心雕龍》將“文”的功用歸納為三點(diǎn)：政化貴文、事跡貴文、修身貴文。從治理天下到個(gè)人修養(yǎng)，無不需要“文”?！靶奚碣F文”的觀點(diǎn)，是對孔子思想的直接繼承?？鬃诱J(rèn)為：“言之不文，行之不遠(yuǎn)。”言辭、文章如果沒有文采，就不會流傳久遠(yuǎn)，無法發(fā)揮影響。因此，君子一方面要注重修身，提升個(gè)人品德，積累各種知識；另一方面要注重思想情感的外在傳達(dá)，即文辭、文采。思想情感是人格修養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)，文辭文采則是人格修養(yǎng)的升華。這樣的修身才算是完整而有實(shí)際功效的。落實(shí)到文章寫作上，就是既要有充實(shí)的內(nèi)容，又要有優(yōu)美的形式。
Refining rhetorical skills is inseparable from nurturing the body and mind. In The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, the Southern Dynasties literary critic Liu Xie summed up three main functions of rhetorical skills, pointing out that they are essential to political and educational affairs, to government operation and its efficacy, and to individual's self-cultivation of body and mind. Be it governance of the world or personal cultivation, rhetorical skills matter. This view dates straight back to Confucius, who observed that "poorly prepared discourses neither spread far nor last long," casting little influence on others. Therefore, a man of virtue should not only engage in self-cultivation, keep improving his morality, and accumulate various forms of knowledge, but also attach importance to the effective communication of his thoughts and emotions. In other words, he should take his language use seriously and be eloquent. His thoughts and emotions lay the basis for the cultivation of his character, and excellent rhetorical skills help sublimate his morality. Such self-cultivation is comprehensive and practical. When it comes to writing, one should develop substantial ideas and deliver them gracefully.
引例 Citation：
◎ （孔子）褒美子產(chǎn)，則云：“言以足志，文以足言?！狈赫摼?，則云：“情欲信，辭欲巧?！贝诵奚碣F文之征也。（劉勰《文心雕龍·征圣》）
孔子贊揚(yáng)子產(chǎn)，說：“語言足以表達(dá)其思想，文采足以修飾其語言?！备爬ǖ卣劦接胁诺轮?，他說：“情感要真實(shí)，文辭要巧妙?！边@是從修養(yǎng)身心方面注重文采的表現(xiàn)。
Confucius spoke highly of Zichan, saying, "His language proves fit for expressing his ideas, and his rhetorical skills suffice to retouch his language." Concerning general people with talent and virtue, Confucius commented, "Their emotions should be sincere, and their words clever." He was stressing the improvement of one's rhetorical skills in the cultivation of body and mind. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
