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類 Category
種類，類別?！邦悺笔菍?duì)具有相同屬性、特征的人或事物的指稱?！邦悺斌w現(xiàn)著對(duì)事物共性以及不同類別事物間區(qū)別的把握。明確個(gè)體事物的類別歸屬，明確不同屬類的區(qū)別與界限，是對(duì)事物進(jìn)行命名并進(jìn)而構(gòu)建萬物秩序的基礎(chǔ)。古代諸多學(xué)派都對(duì)“類”的概念進(jìn)行過探討，對(duì)類名的使用、分類原則、同類事物間的關(guān)系等問題提出了各自不同的看法。
Lei is used to refer to people or things which have similar attributes or characteristics. It represents recognition of the commonalities of things and the differences between categories. Establishing which categories individual entities belong to, and what distinctions and boundaries there are between different types is the basis for naming and developing an order of all things in the world. Many ancient schools of thought studied the concept of lei, and offered different views on the use of category names, the principles of categorization, and the relationships between objects in the same category.
引例 Citations：
◎方以類聚，物以群分。（《周易·系辭上》）
各種方法規(guī)則按照門類匯聚，各種事物按照群屬相區(qū)分。
Methods fall into categories, and entities are divided into groups. (The Book of Changes)
◎命之馬，類也。若實(shí)也者必以是名也。（《墨子·經(jīng)說上》）
命名為“馬”，是一個(gè)類名。只要有實(shí)物就必然要以相應(yīng)的名來指稱。
When you call something a "horse," that is a category. If something exists, it must be called by an appropriate name. (Mozi)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
