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不爭(zhēng)奪，不爭(zhēng)斗。個(gè)人對(duì)外物過(guò)度的欲求，會(huì)導(dǎo)致彼此之間的爭(zhēng)奪。而無(wú)序的紛爭(zhēng)則會(huì)造成道德的淪喪和社會(huì)秩序的混亂。因此，儒家和道家都主張“不爭(zhēng)”。儒家主張一方面按照禮的規(guī)則，有差等地安頓并節(jié)制人的欲望；另一方面則通過(guò)道德教化，引導(dǎo)人們自省其過(guò)而不責(zé)備于人，由此實(shí)現(xiàn)“不爭(zhēng)”。道家則主張通過(guò)君主的無(wú)為，以輔助百姓處于“不爭(zhēng)”的狀態(tài)。在道家思想中，“不爭(zhēng)”有時(shí)特指道對(duì)待萬(wàn)物、為政者對(duì)待百姓的一種態(tài)度：道不與萬(wàn)物爭(zhēng)，君主不與百姓爭(zhēng)。
This refers to not contending for personal interest, power and other things and not involving in various infighting or strife. Excessive desire for material gains and power leads to contention, strife or even violence. Uncontrolled contention results in the decline of public morals and breakdown of social order. This is why both Confucianism and Daoism believe in no contention. Confucianism maintains that rules of rites should be observed to restrain people's desire. People should be guided by moral education, and they should think about how to behave properly rather than shift blame to others. Thus, a state of no contention can be reached. Daoism maintains that one in power should not interfere in the lives of people so as to encourage them not to engage in contention. According to Daoism, the term "not engaging in contention" sometimes refers to the attitude of Dao towards everything in the world and that of one in power towards the common people. Dao does not favor contention with anything, so a king should not contend with the people.
引例 Citations：
◎子云：“善則稱(chēng)人，過(guò)則稱(chēng)己，則民不爭(zhēng)。”（《禮記·坊記》）
孔子說(shuō)：“做得好則稱(chēng)道他人，有過(guò)錯(cuò)則省察自己，則民眾不爭(zhēng)斗?！?/p>
Confucius said, "If we think about others when we are successful and criticize our own shortcomings, people will not contend with each other." (The Book of Rites)
◎夫唯不爭(zhēng)，故天下莫能與之爭(zhēng)。（《老子·二十二章》）
正因?yàn)椴粻?zhēng)，所以天下沒(méi)有能夠與之相抗?fàn)幍摹?/p>
If one does not engage in contention, no others in the world can contend with him. (Laozi)
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供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
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