“比”顯豁而“興”隱約。“比”與“興”都源于《詩經(jīng)》的六義?！氨取笔怯靡环N事物比擬另一種事物，其目的是更好地傳達思想情感，讓人更透徹地知曉意思。因此，兩種事物之間的相似特征應(yīng)明確清晰、意義顯豁，這樣才容易被理解，否則就失去了“比”的意義。“興”雖然同樣由此及彼，但二者之間的關(guān)系是朦朧隱微的，由情感、韻味、氛圍等形成內(nèi)在的關(guān)聯(lián)，沒有明確的邏輯理路可尋。“比顯興隱”適用于詩歌創(chuàng)作，其中，“比”是切近的、明顯的，使意義明白曉暢；“興”則是深遠的、隱蔽的，使審美韻味悠長。

Analogies in a literary work should be conveyed clearly, and associations, subtly. Examples of analogy and association were first found in the six basic elements of The Book of Songs. "Analogy" means comparing one thing to another in order to better express one's feelings and thoughts, thus making oneself more thoroughly understood. With this in view, similarities between two things should be made apparent and exact; otherwise, carrying out a comparison would become meaningless. "Association," too, compares one thing to another, but such a link is indirect and nuanced, created by an inner combination of sentiment, charm and atmosphere, without a traceable cause or logic. The notion of explicit analogy versus implicit association is widely applied to poetry creation. Specifically, analogy is adjacent, obvious and easily intelligible, whereas association is profound, covert and aesthetically pleasing.

例句 Citations：

◎《詩》文弘奧，包韞六義，毛公述傳，獨標“興”體，豈不以“風”通而“賦”同，“比”顯而“興”隱哉！（劉勰《文心雕龍·比興》）

《詩經(jīng)》中的作品宏大深奧，包含風、雅、頌、賦、比、興六義。毛亨、毛萇為《詩經(jīng)》作傳，唯獨標注了“興”。難道不是因為“風”意義曉暢而“賦”鋪陳直接、“比”顯豁而“興”隱約嗎？

Poetic works in The Book of Songs have both width and depth. They are represented by six basic elements: ballad, court hymn, eulogy, narrative, analogy and association. Mao Heng and Mao Chang, in interpreting The Book of Songs, singled out association for extra explanation. Isn't that because ballads are simple and crude, narratives are direct, analogies are obvious but associations obscure? (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)

◎敘物以言情謂之賦，情物盡也；索物以托情謂之比，情附物者也；觸物以起情謂之興，物動情者也。（胡寅《致李叔易》引李仲蒙語）

描述事物以表達情感稱為“賦”，“賦”對情感和物象的描寫都很充分；尋求借助事物以寄托情感稱為“比”，“比”的特點是情感須要依附某種物象；遇到某物偶然產(chǎn)生某種情感稱為“興”，“興”的特點是物象激發(fā)情感。

Narratives express inner feelings through describing external things; they give full expression to both feelings and objects. Analogies embody feelings in objects and attach feelings to objects. Associations are created through external things one sees by chance; in an association, feelings are inspired by objects. (As quoted in Hu Yin: A Letter to Li Shuyi)

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供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社

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