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The Rules of King Wen and King Wu Are Like Slack and Taut Bowstrings
周文王、周武王（？—前1043）治理國家像使用弓弩一樣有緊有松，寬嚴(yán)結(jié)合?！拔奈洹敝钢芪耐?、周武王；“道”指治國方法；“張”本指拉緊弓弦，比喻嚴(yán)及緊張；“弛”指放松弓弦，比喻寬及放松。以孔子（前551—前479）為代表的儒家主張治國應(yīng)以德禮教化為主，武力刑罰為輔，文武并施，寬猛相濟(jì)?！拔奈渲溃粡堃怀凇斌w現(xiàn)著古代圣明執(zhí)政者治理國家的智慧。后世也用它來比喻人們對工作、生活合理安排，松緊適度，勞逸結(jié)合。
This term means that two kings Wen and Wu (?-1043 BC) of Zhou applied the idea of taut and slack bowstrings in archery to governing: a mixture of strictness and leniency. Wenwu (文武) refers to King Wen and King Wu of Zhou; dao (道) means the way of governing; zhang (張) taut bowstring, or strictness; and chi (弛) slack bowstring, or leniency. The Confucian school of thought, as represented by Confucius (551-479 BC), advocated that governance should be based foremost on morality, propriety and education, with the use of force and punishment in second place only. The pen and the sword, leniency and strictness should complement each other. The expression is a crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient sage kings. In the modern sense, people should apply this attitude to organizing their life: a balance of work and play.
引例 Citations：
◎張而不弛，文武弗能也；弛而不張，文武弗為也。一張一弛，文武之道也。（《禮記·雜記下》）
只緊張而不松弛，周文王、周武王不可能做到；只松弛而不緊張，周文王、周武王也不會這樣做。有緊張有松弛，這才是周文王、周武王治理天下的方法。
To rule only with strictness and no leniency was not possible for King Wen and King Wu of Zhou; to rule only with leniency and no strictness was not what they wished to do. A mixture of pen and sword was the way they chose to rule. (The Book of Rites)
◎文王以文治，武王以武功去民之災(zāi)。（《禮記·祭法》）
周文王用德禮文教治理國家，周武王用武功去除民眾的災(zāi)禍。
King Wen of Zhou ruled with morality, propriety and education. King Wu of Zhou used force to eliminate whatever harmed the people. (The Book of Rites)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
